Meningeal Carcinomatosis for Prostate Adenocarcinoma Mimicking Chronic SubduralHematoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction Cerebral metastases are the most common cancer of the central nervous system (CNS). Meningeal infiltration by neoplasms that did not originate in the CNS is a rare fact that is present in 0.02% of the autopsies. Epidemiologically, the radiological presentation mimicking a subdural hematoma is even more uncommon. We report a case of meningeal carcinomatosis by an adenocarcinoma of the prostate mimicking a chronic subdural hematoma. Case Report A 60-year-old male patient was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2011. He underwent radical resection of the prostate, as well as adjuvant hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. Five years later, the patient presented peripheral facial paralysis that evolved with vomiting and mental confusion. Tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans confirmed the subdural collection. At surgery, the dura was infiltrated by friable material of difficult hemostasis. The anatomicopathological examination showed atypical epithelial cells. The immunohistochemistry was positive for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and other keymarkers, and it was conclusive for meningeal carcinomatosis by a prostate adenocarcinoma.

Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis in association with prostate adenocarcinoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and Graves disease

Abstract Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis is a rare skin disorder characterized by the presence of umbilicated pruritic papules and nodules. Transepidermal elimination of altered and perforating bundles of basophilic collagen from the epidermis is a characteristic histologic feature of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis. Along with its well-known association with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and dermatomyositis, there are reports of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis being associated with malignancies. Herein, we present a case of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, prostate adenocarcinoma, and Graves's disease. Clinicians are required to be more vigilant in evaluating patients with acquired reactive perforating collagenosis due to its unique association with malignancies and other systemic diseases.

Incidência comparativa de câncer incidental de vesícula biliar em colecistectomias de urgência versus colecistectomias eletivas / Comparative incidence of incidental gallbladder cancer in emergency cholecystectomies versus in elective cholecystectomies

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar, comparativamente, a incidência de câncer incidental de vesícula biliar em colecistectomias de urgência versus colecistectomias eletivas realizadas em hospitais públicos de Teresina-PI. Métodos: estudo observacional descritivo, quantitativo, com delineamento transversal, cujo cenário foram dois hospitais públicos de Teresina-PI. Foram analisados 6.329 prontuários de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia, entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2017. Os dados coletados foram divididos em dois grupos e confrontados estatisticamente através do teste Z para diferença entre proporções. Resultados: detectou-se câncer incidental da vesícula biliar em 6,53% das colecistectomias de urgência e em 0,38% das eletivas. Quanto ao sexo, observou-se que, na cirurgia de urgência, 69% eram mulheres e 31%, homens, enquanto no procedimento eletivo, 78% eram mulheres e 22%, homens. Quanto à idade, a maioria dos pacientes possuía mais de 60 anos e, entre estes, 69,3% submetidos à colecistectomias de urgência e 82,6%, à eletivas. O tipo histopatológico "adenocarcinoma" foi encontrado em 84,6% das cirurgias de urgência e 100% das eletivas. Conclusão: câncer incidental de vesícula biliar foi mais frequente em colecistectomias de urgência em comparação às eletivas. O perfil dos pacientes com essa doença maligna nos dois tipos de procedimento foi do sexo feminino, maiores de 60 anos de idade e com diagnóstico histopatológico de adenocarcinoma.

ABSTRACT Objective: to comparatively analyse the incidence of incidental gallbladder cancer in emergency cholecystectomies versus in elective cholecystectomies performed in public hospitals in Teresina city, Piaui state (PI). Methods: descriptive, quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study, whose scenarios were two public hospitals in Teresina-PI. We analysed 6,329 medical records of patients undergoing cholecystectomy between January 2011 and December 2017. The collected data were divided into two groups and statistically compared using Z-test for difference between proportions. Results: incidental gallbladder cancer was detected in 6.53% of emergency cholecystectomies and in 0.38% of elective ones. Regarding gender, it was observed that in emergency surgeries 69% of patients were women and 31% men, while in elective procedures 78% were women and 22% men. Regarding age, most patients were over 60 years old, and, among these, 69.3% underwent emergency cholecystectomies and 82.6% underwent elective cholecystectomies. The histopathological type "adenocarcinoma" was found in 84.6% of patients who underwent emergency surgeries and in 100% of patients who underwent elective surgeries. Conclusion: incidental gallbladder cancer was more frequent in urgent cholecystectomies compared to elective cholecystectomies. The profile of patients with this malignant disease in both types of procedure was female, older than 60 years, and with histopathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and the challenge of a patient with chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis

At a time when the population shows increasing longevity, entities such as cancer and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more frequently connected. In the United States, approximately 6% of the patients on hemodialysis have cancer. The challenge to manage oncologic patients with CKD in a hemodialytic program represents a great shortage of available information on the choice of the best drug, timing, dosage adjustments, dialysis method, and treatment safety. We present the case of a patient with prostate cancer and terminal CKD in hemodialysis, and the treatment sequence after the development of resistance to hormonal blockade therapy, which included docetaxel, enzalutamide, and radium-223.

Pulmonary placental transmogrification associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung: a case report with a comprehensive review of the literature

Pulmonary placental transmogrification (PT) is a rare entity with less than 40 cases reported in the literature. Most reported cases are associated with either bullous emphysema or with pulmonary fibrochondromatous hamartomas. We present only the second case of PT associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung. A 67-year-old female with multiple chronic medical ailments presented with shortness of breath and was found to have a 6-cm mass in the upper lobe of her right lung. A computed tomography (CT) guided core biopsy was performed that showed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Interestingly the normal lung tissue showed placental villous architecture. A unique feature of our case is that the diagnosis was made on a needle core biopsy, unlike all the other cases in the literature. We also provide a comprehensive review of this rare entity.

Most small bowel cancers are revealed by a complication / A maioria dos cânceres de intestino delgado são revelados por uma complicação

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the pattern of primary small bowel cancers in a tertiary East-European hospital. Methods A retrospective study of patients with small bowel cancers admitted to a tertiary emergency center, over the past 15 years. Results There were 57 patients with small bowel cancer, representing 0.039% of admissions and 0.059% of laparotomies. There were 37 (64.9%) men, mean age of 58 years; and 72 years for females. Out of 57 patients, 48 (84.2%) were admitted due to an emergency situation: obstruction in 21 (38.9%), perforation in 17 (31.5%), upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 8 (14.8%), and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in 2 (3.7%). There were 10 (17.5%) duodenal tumors, 21 (36.8%) jejunal tumors and 26 (45.6%) ileal tumors. The most frequent neoplasms were gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 24 patients (42.1%), adenocarcinoma in 19 (33.3%), lymphoma in 8 (14%), and carcinoids in 2 (3.5%). The prevalence of duodenal adenocarcinoma was 14.55 times greater than that of the small bowel, and the prevalence of duodenal stromal tumors was 1.818 time greater than that of the small bowel. Obstruction was the complication in adenocarcinoma in 57.9% of cases, and perforation was the major local complication (47.8%) in stromal tumors. Conclusion Primary small bowel cancers are usually diagnosed at advanced stages, and revealed by a local complication of the tumor. Their surgical management in emergency setting is associated to significant morbidity and mortality rates.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o padrão de neoplasias malignas primárias do intestino delgado em um hospital terciário de Leste Europeu. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com câncer de intestino delgado, internados em um hospital terciário e de emergência, ao longo dos últimos 15 anos. Resultados Foram avaliados 57 pacientes com neoplasias malignas gastrintestinais, o que representou 0,039% das admissões e 0,059% das laparotomias realizadas. Total de 37 (64,9%) pacientes masculinos, média de idade de 58 anos, e de 72 anos para mulheres. Dentre os 57 pacientes, 48 (84,2%) foram internados em situação de emergência: obstrução intestinal em 21 (38,9%), perfuração em 17 (31,5%), hemorragia digestiva alta em 8 (14,8%), e hemorragia digestiva baixa em 2 (3,7%). Houve 10 (17,5%) tumores duodenais, 21 (36,8%) jejunais e 26 (45,6%) ileais. As neoplasias mais frequentes foram tumor estromal gastrintestinal, em 24 (42,1%) pacientes, adenocarcinoma em 19 (33,3%), linfoma em 8 (14%) e carcinoides em 2 (3,5%). A prevalência de adenocarcinoma duodenal foi 14,55 vezes maior do que a do intestino delgado, e a prevalência de tumores estromais duodenais foi 1,818 vez maior do que a do intestino delgado. A obstrução intestinal foi complicação do adenocarcinoma em 57,9% dos casos, e a perfuração foi a principal complicação local (47,8%) dos tumores estromais. Conclusão As neoplasias malignas primárias do intestino delgado foram geralmente diagnosticadas em estado avançado e reveladas por uma complicação local do tumor. O tratamento cirúrgico em situação de emergência está associado à significativa morbimortalidade.

Neoplasias y displasias de vesícula biliar y su relación con litiasis. Estudio clinicopatológico de casos y controles / Neoplasm and dysplasia of the gallbladder and their relation with lithiasis. A case-control clinical-pathological study

Antecedentes. la litiasis es uno de los mayores factores de riesgo para cambios inflamatorios, metaplásicos, displásicos y neoplásicos de vesícula biliar, con frecuencia variable en diferenes poblaciones. Objetivo. determinar la frecuencia de asociación de los principales procesos patológicos y datos clínicos con litiasis vesicular. Material y métodos. estudio transveral, descriptivo de 1,367 piezas de colecistectomía, con (1,096) y sin (271) litiasis fue la siguiente: metaplasia psudopilórica 50 por ciento y 25 por ciento; metaplasia intestinal 16 por ciento y 2 por ciento; displasia de bajo grado 40 por ciento y 17 por ciento; displasia de alto grado 16 por ciento y 2 por ciento; carcinoma in situ 1.5 por ciento y 0 por ciento y carcinoma invasor 2.6 por ciento y 0 por ciento. El 80 por ciento de los casos con litiasis, el 65 por ciento de los casos de carcinoma in situ y el 90 por ciento de los casos de carcinoma invasor correspondieron a mujeres. La edad media de los pacientes con displasia de bajo y alto grado, carcinoma in situ y carcinoma invasor fue de 42, 48, 53 y 61 años, en ese orden. Conclusiones. la frecuencia de procesos inflamatorios agudos, colecititis crónica xantogranulomatosa, adenomiomatosis, metaplasia pseudopilórica e intestinal, pólipos hiperplásicos, displasia de bajo y alto grado, adenomas tubulares, carcinoma in situ y carcinoma invasor fue mayor en vesículas con litiasis que en vesículas sin litiasis (p<.05)